The fourth quarter of 2025 capped a third consecutive year of strong equity returns while signaling a clear transition in the macro regime. Markets moved from first‑half resilience and upside surprises toward a more measured backdrop of moderating momentum, cautious central bank policy, and inflation that continued to ease but remained modestly above target.
Real GDP growth remained solid through mid‑year, with the BEA reporting annualized increases of 3.8% in the second quarter and 4.3% in the third quarter, underscoring that the economy entered year‑end from a position of strength. High‑frequency indicators and private‑sector forecasts suggest growth likely slowed in the fourth quarter, with many economists clustering around low‑2% annualized real growth, even as some tracking models estimated a stronger pace for Q4. This deceleration is best viewed as a gradual cooling associated with tighter financial conditions, reduced fiscal impulse, and a softer labor market rather than a shift toward outright contraction.


